IVESC 2012 - 2012 IEEE Ninth International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC)

VESC was inaugurated as the Tri-Service Cathode Workshop in 1978, becoming the Tri-Service/NASA Cathode Workshop in 1990 and continuing until 1996 (Eindhoven, the Netherlands) when it, too, was expanded into the international conference it is now. At that time it changed emphasis to encompass a greater variety of vacuum electron sources. Since, then, it has grown into a successful biennial international conference meeting sequentially in the USA, Europe, and Asia. It was most recently in held in Nanjing, China, in 2010.