EWCDDS 2016 - 2nd European Workshop on Chance Discovery and Data Synthesis (EWCDDS16)

Since our definition in 2000, Chance Discovery is the discovery of chance, rather than discovery by chance. A ``chance" here means a new event/situation that can be conceived either as an opportunity or as a risk in the future. The ``discovery" of chances is of crucial importance since it may have a significant impact on human decision making. Desirable effects of opportunities should be actively promoted, whereas preventive measures should be taken in the case of discovered risks. In other words, chance discovery aims to provide means for inventing or surviving the future, rather than simply predicting the future.
This workshop will discuss several problems in Chance Discovery. As shown, Chance Discovery is a research to study how to discover rare or novel events causing potentially significant situation. Although the event itself could not be significant. A chance might be computationally or manually discovered. Thus, advanced computational techniques such as abduction and induction (including data mining) could be applied to Chance Discovery. In addition, personalised and very traditional (sometimes, manual) data mining method could also be effective in Chance Discovery. We have discussed limitations of conventional data mining methods. And many new computational methods, and concepts and mechanisms of human discovery have been proposed. In the contexts, we have discussed how to discover and suggest events causing significant but hidden events. Our common understandings are that we deal with events in the real world, therefore, we need to have knowledge about movement in a society, behaviour of people, as well as computational methods. In addition, it is important to discuss effective chance evaluation, selection, and suggestion methods. It would be a gate for fantastic and innovative applications. Thus, we would like to discuss from logical, computational, cognitive, sociological, economical and psychological viewpoints. From the rather different viewpoint, we would also like to discuss ``curation'' of chance. Traditionally, curation is not only concerned with long-term care of books, paintings or other artefacts. It is also about maintaining their integrity and enabling and promoting their availability to appropriate audiences (Lord, P and MacDonald, A.: e-Science Curation Report (2003)), i.e., an aspect for information synthesis. As shown above, for chance discovery, we have focused on strategies to discover rare or novel events and those to present hints of chance to users. In addition, by curation, we add a more active action to chance discovery, which, for instance, curators usually struggle to explicitly or implicitly express extended or hidden meanings (values) to potential audiences.
By introducing these new concepts ---chance synthesis and curation, we can go beyond what we called chance discovery--- reach creating and re-organization of chances, not in our previous application fields such as product designs/marketing but also the design of peaceful and prosperous society to live in.
In addition, we would like to discuss how to create and design the market where data are reasonably dealt with, i.e., sold, opened free, or shared after negotiation. Our ultimate goal is to have each people on the earth feel free to share one's own data with others without fearing of the loss of business opportunities. In order to make a social environment where analysts and decision makers in active businesses and sciences can be provided with data they need, in this workshop we also aim to (re)design an environment called the Market of Data, where each user or provider of data can understand the value of each part of data so that one can buy/sell it for a reasonable price. Here, the value of each part of data shall be visualized to aid users' considering its possible contribution to promoting/creating businesses and scientific findings. This can be regarded as a new type chance synthesis.
Topics to be discussed (will not be restricted to):
Decisions by synthesis of information
Methods and processes for synthesizing evidences for/by chance discoveries
Data synthesis by integration of computational and manual methods for data analysis.
Basic and theoretical issues
Cognitive factors in chance discovery and synthesis of information.
Logical formalization for discovering chances and synthesizing pieces of information.
Data analysis and data mining
Analyses of complex systems (society, community etc.) involving human behaviors.
Methodologies and models for foretelling next trends, for discovering rare/novel events, and for noticing/evaluating the significance of events.
New directions in chance discovery
Curation of chances: methodologies for suggesting and exhibiting information
Creations and innovations by extending or applying Chance Discovery.
Business/daily-life applications of Chance Discovery.
Market of Data
Data collection and construction.
Determination and visualization of value of data.