Cataract 2016 - International Conference and Expo on Cataract and Refractive Surgery

It is our pleasure to welcome you to the International Conference and Expo on Cataract and Refractive Surgery during March 28-29, 2016 at Atlanta, USA. The conference will be organized around the theme “Vision corrections by reconstructive Cataract and Refractive Surgeries: ophthalmologist’s outlook.” OMICS International’s Cataract 2016 invites Ophthalmologists, Optometrists, renowned scientists, pathologists, surgeons, young researchers, industrial delegates and talented student communities under a single roof where networking and global partnering happens for the acceleration of future research.
Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eye. An ophthalmologist is a specialist in medical and surgical eye problems. Since ophthalmologists perform operations on eyes, they are both surgical and medical specialists. A multitude of diseases, vision defects and conditions can be diagnosed from the eye namely cataract, myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism and conjunctivitis. This annual gathering of Ophthalmologists and Optometrists at Cataract- 2016 aims to provide an insight about the latest advancement and treatment modalities in the field of cataract & refractive surgeries and other associated prospects.
OMICS International has an enhanced and highlighted features of scientific partnerships and alliances with development agencies, Institutes, leading research organizations, non-government organizations, and other entities to promote the development-oriented research across the globe through live streaming, B2B and Scientific Meetings. OMICS International’s Medical Conferences provides an excellent opportunity for the budding scientists and young researchers through its special initiatives like Young Researcher Forum, Poster Presentation and E-poster (for more information visit conference series).
OMICS International Organizes 300+ Scientific Conferences every year across USA, Europe & Asia. Besides 500 Peer reviewed, Open Access Journals, OMICS International has collaborated with more than 1000 Scientific Associations and institutions worldwide to promote information on health care and technologies(for more information visit conference series). These journals are enjoying the support of over 5 million readers; a team of 30.000 eminent scholars are providing editorial support.
Cataract-2016 annual meeting will take place in Atlanta, USA, capital of state of Georgia, lies in the foreland of the southern foothills of the Piedmont Plateau, on the watershed between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic, often referred to as an "alpha" or “world city” ranking 36th among world cities and 8th in the nation with a gross domestic product of $270 billion. It will be an excellent opportunity to experience the history, culture and landmarks of Atlanta besides exploring the ongoing research works in the field of cataract and refractive surgery.
The cataract and refractive market is expanding quicker than we have seen in the past few years due to the baby boom population. Extended life expectancies and the growing role of computers in everyday life have increased the importance of near and intermediate vision.The global market for ophthalmic lasers will rise from $591.5 million in 2011 to $804 million by 2015, a compound annual growth rate of 7.65 %. North America represents the largest market for both ophthalmic lasers in general and refractive laser surgery in particular, with Europe the second largest. But growth will be fastest in Latin America and the Asia-Pacific region, where the report predicts a CAGR of 11 % between 2010 and 2015 for the ophthalmic laser sector. By mid-decade the Asia-Pacific market, including Japan, is expected to approach $84.1 million on its own.
Types of Cataracts
A cataract is a dense, cloudy area that forms in the lens of the eye. It develops at a slow rate and eventually interferes with the vision. People might end up with cataracts in both eyes, but they usually don’t form at the same time. Cataract is very common in older people and this type of cataract is known as Age-Related Cataract. Over half of people in the United States have cataracts or have undergone cataract surgery by the time they’re 80 years old. In this session details will be discussed about the types of cataract such as Age-Related Cataracts, Congenital Cataracts, Secondary Cataracts, Traumatic Cataracts, Nuclear cataracts, Cortical Cataracts and Posterior Sub capsular Cataracts.
Cataract Surgery Techniques
When the eyes' lenses become cloudy, cataract removal is usually prescribed and thus cataract surgery like cryoextraction is performed. In cataract surgery, the lens inside the eye that has become cloudy is removed and replaced with an artificial lens (called an intraocular lens, or IOL) to restore clear vision. The procedure typically is performed on an outpatient basis and does not require an overnight stay in a hospital or other care facility. Most modern cataract procedures involve the use of a high-frequency ultrasound device that breaks up the cloudy lens into small pieces, which are then gently removed from the eye with suction. This track will focus on different aspects of cataract surgery techniques such as Phacoemulsification, Manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS), extra capsular cataract extraction (ECCE), Intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE) and Cryoextraction
Intraocular Lenses (IOLs)
An intraocular lens (IOL) is a lens implanted in the eye used to treat cataracts or myopia. These are implanted during cataract surgery, after the cloudy crystalline lens (otherwise known as a cataract) has been removed. IOL replaces the original crystalline lens, and provides the light focusing function originally undertaken by the crystalline lens. There are some lens named as Monovision with Intraocular Lens that are placed over the existing natural lens, and is used in refractive surgery to change the eye's optical power as a treatment for myopia or nearsightedness.IOLs usually consist of a small plastic lens with plastic side struts, called haptics, to hold the lens in place within the capsular bag inside the eye. IOLs were traditionally made of an inflexible material (PMMA), although this has largely been superseded by the use of flexible materials. Most IOLs fitted today are fixed monofocal lenses matched to distance vision. However, other types are available, such as multifocal IOLs which provide the patient with multiple-focused vision at far and reading distance, and adaptive IOLs which provide the patient with limited visual accommodation.Topics of discussion in this session are Premium IOLs, Toric IOLs, Monovision with Intraocular Lenses, Aspheric IOLs, Blue Light-Filtering IOLs, Light-Adjustable Lenses (LALs), and “Piggyback" IOLs.
Diagnosis of Cataract
Cataracts are relatively simple to diagnose by an ophthalmologist or an optometrist during a routine eye examination mainly starting from Visual Acuity Test. It is important, when making the diagnosis of cataract, to also examine the entire eye for evidence of any other eye disease which may be compromising the vision. In addition to taking a medical and ocular history and visual acuity test, the ophthalmologist will check eye movements and pupillary responses, measure the pressure inside the eyes and examine the front and back of the eyes after the pupils have been dilated with drops.This scientific session comprises of Refraction Test, Visual Acuity Test, Slit-Lamp Examination, Retinal Examination and Tonometry.
Cataract Risk Factors
Cataracts develop as part of the aging process, so everyone is at risk eventually with Advancing Age. By age 75, about 70 percent of people will have cataracts. With age, our eye's lens slowly becomes less flexible, less transparent and thicker. Then areas of the lens become cloudy as protein in the lens begins to clump together. Topics of discussion in this session are Advancing Age, Ultraviolet radiation from sunlight and other sources ,Diabetes, Hypertension, Obesity, Smoking, Prolonged use of corticosteroid medication, Statin medicines used to reduce cholesterol, Previous eye injury or inflammation, Previous eye surgery, Hormone replacement therapy, Significant alcohol consumption, High myopia and Family history.
Causes of Cataracts
The eye functions much like a camera. Light rays enter the eye, passing through the cornea, the aqueous humor (transparent fluid in the front of the eye) and then the pupil and into the lens. The lens bends the light rays to focus objects onto the retina lining the back of the eye. From there, the image passes through the retinal cells, into the optic nerve, and finally to the back of the brain which process the images. Cataracts occur when there is a build-up of protein known as Clumping of Proteins in the lens that makes it cloudy. This prevents light from passing clearly through the lens, causing some loss of vision. Since new lens cells form on the outside of the lens, all the older cells are compacted into the center of the lens resulting in the cataract.This session will discuss about Clumping of Proteins, Blunt or Penetrating Injury to the Eye, Diabetes, Inflammatory Diseases like Iritis or Uveitis, Genetic Disorder, Intrauterine Developmental Disorders, Oral Corticosteroids, Atopic Dermatitis, Hypothyroidism and Hyperparathyroidism
Influences of Other Diseases on Cataract and Refractive Surgery
Refractive errors are very common nowadays but some people having certain disorders are more prone to these refractive conditions as compared to normal people. Thus,it is very important to know the influence of other diseases on cataract and refractive conditions. Cataracts may be hereditary or secondary to a noxious intrauterine event (e.g., rubella). Cataracts associated with a systemic or genetic illness may not occur until the second or third decade (e.g., cataracts associated with retinitis pigmentosa). Even age-related cataracts, generally thought to be due to multiple insults accumulated over many years, have a genetic component, making certain individuals more vulnerable to the environmental insults. It seems likely that when mutations in crystalline or other lens proteins are sufficient in and of themselves to cause protein aggregation they usually result in congenital cataract, while if they merely increase susceptibility to environmental insults, such as light, hyperglycaemic, or oxidative damage, they might contribute to age-related cataract. Thus, hereditary congenital cataracts tend to be inherited in a Mendelian fashion with high penetrance, while age-related cataracts tend to be multifactorial, with both multiple genes and environmental factors influencing the phenotype. This makes them significantly less amenable to genetic and biochemical study.Highlights of this session include Myotonic Dystrophy, Galactosemia, Homocystinuria Wilson's disease and Down syndrome, Autoimmune disorders and Immunodeficiency conditions, Persistent dry eyes and Unstable vision, Keratoconus and Keratitis, Uveitis and Herpes simplex.
Risk associated with Cataract Surgery
Cataract surgery is the most commonly performed type of eye surgery. In the vast majority of cases, approximately 95% of the time, the surgery is uncomplicated. Cataract surgery usually results in improved vision and a well satisfied patient. However, cataract surgery should never be trivialized. In a small percentage of patients, events occur which can lead to less than ideal results. Most of these events are known risks of the surgery itself like Endophthalmitis and can occur even if the operation is performed well by an experienced surgeon. The occurrence of these events is often unpredictable. Patients should be aware of such possibilities when they decide to proceed with surgery.Some of the most common risks are reviewed in this session. These are Endophthalmitis, Cystoid Macular Edema, Retinal Detachment, Posteriorly Dislocated Lens and Material Choroidal Haemorrhage.
Refractive Surgery
If a person has a refractive error, such as nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness (hyperopia), astigmatism or presbyopia, refractive surgery is a method for correcting or improving your vision. There are various surgical procedures for correcting or adjusting your eye's focusing ability by reshaping the cornea, or clear, round dome at the front of the eye.The most common type of refractive surgery is LASIK Refractive Surgery. Some Surgical procedures involve implanting a lens inside the eye.This track will focus on topics like Phakic Intraocular Lenses, LASIK (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis), Wavefront LASIK, LASEK (laser epithelial keratomileusis), PRK (photorefractive keratectomy), CK (conductive keratoplasty), Intacs corneal rings, RLE (refractive lens exchange), EpiLasik, PRELEX (presbyopic lens exchange), AK or RLI (astigmatic keratotomy), RK (radial keratotomy).
Refractive Conditions
The most common vision problems are refractive conditions or refractive errors, more commonly known as Nearsightedness, Farsightedness, Astigmatism and Presbyopia. Refractive errors occur when the shape of the eye prevents light from focusing directly on the retina. The length of the eyeball (either longer or shorter), changes in the shape of the cornea, or aging of the lens can cause refractive errors. Most people have one or more of these conditions.This session will discuss about Infection in the Normal Eye,20/20 Vision, Myopia, Hyperopia, Astigmatism and Presbyopia.
Risk associated with Refractive Surgery
Most patients are very pleased with the results of their refractive surgery. However, like any other medical procedure, there are some risks involved in this surgery like very common Visual Loss or Changes.That's why it is important for people to understand the limitations and possible complications of refractive surgery.Before undergoing a refractive procedure, each person should carefully weigh the risks and benefits based on his/her own personal value system, and try to avoid being influenced by others that have had the procedure.This session will discuss about Visual loss or changes, Debilitating visual symptoms, under corrections, Overcorrections, Severe Dry Eye Syndrome, Astigmatism, Glare, Halos & Double Vision and Flap problems.
Benefits,Cost and Management of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
Cataract and Refractive surgery has a tremendous impact on people’s lives. Benefits are apparent in many ways. Some problems cannot be corrected with conventional glasses or contact lenses. In other cases, corrective lenses can be worn but with extreme difficulty. For these people, refractive surgery provides a way to clear vision without battling with visual aids. Refractive laser-assisted cataract surgery costs more than conventional options. The laser itself can cost the surgeon approximately $300,000 to $500,000, and additional costs are associated with using and maintaining the device.. One of the most significant challenges that ophthalmologists face when performing cataract surgery involves managing patient expectations. Patients are not concerned with phaco time, technique or technology, but rather intraoperative comfort and postoperative results. Most patients do not want stitches, pain or injections. In order to achieve better outcomes, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used for cataract surgery cases.