2021 - 7 Basic Quality Tools For Work Place Problems & Opportunities

The seven basic quality tools, which are the foundation of many workplace problem solving approaches, consist of:
1. The tally sheet or check sheet, which quantifies how often something occurs.
2. The histogram presents information from a tally sheet in the form of a bar chart.
3. The Pareto chart is a special histogram that helps focus attention on the vital few issues rather than the trivial many.
4. The cause and effect diagram is a brainstorming tool that helps a team identify potential root causes of a problem.
5. The process flowchart supports the process orientation of ISO 9001 and similar standards.
6. The scatter diagram allows graphical exploration of the relationship between two variables, such as a process condition and a critical to quality measurement.
7. The control chart is a visual control that shows whether a process has deviated from its target (nominal).
Why Should You Attend
Attendees will learn the applications as well as the mechanics of the seven basic quality tools. Attendees will learn, for example, not just the mechanics of a process flowchart but also what they can do with it in the workplace such as (1) support structure analysis in process FMEA, (2) support value stream analysis and the related Shingo process map that forces many wastes to become visible, and (3) support problem solving including root cause analysis. The concentration diagram meanwhile shows how the tally sheet can go well beyond just making marks on a sheet to show how often something occurs, a task which is now generally handled by computers. These seven basic quality tools can do a lot more than one might assume from their initial appearance.
Areas Covered in the Session
Attendees will learn the function and application of the seven basic quality tools.
» Check sheet or tally sheet
1. The concentration diagram or "measles chart" is a special form of this that highlights concentrations of defects or other characteristics to focus attention on them.
» Pareto Chart
1. This is a special kind of histogram that sorts characteristics (such as defects) from most important to least important, thus supporting focus on the vital few versus the trivial many. It can be weighted by the cost (or demerits) of the defects in case not all are of equal importance.
» Histogram
1. This has many applications including graphical display of a quality measurement to assess the assumption that it follows a normal or "bell curve" distribution. Many do not even though this is the textbook assumption.
» Cause and effect or "fishbone" diagram
1. This supports team problem solving efforts by facilitating the identification of a problem's potential root causes, and is synergistic with the Five Whys. Follow the potential root cause to ask "why" until no further answer can be found, in which case the likely root cause has been discovered.
2. A designed experiment can test the hypothesis that something is a root cause. The starting assumption is that the factor (e.g. material or method) is not a root cause, and the experiment can prove beyond a quantified reasonable doubt (usually 5%) that it is.
3. The cause and effect diagram also helps identify control factors for control plans.
» Scatter diagrams
1. The scatter diagram explores graphically the relationship between two variables x and y, where y might be a critical to quality characteristic.
2. Correlation does not however always mean causation. As an example, the incidence of head wounds ("quality characteristic") during the First World War increased after soldiers were issued the Brodie ("tin Kelly") helmet to replace their uniform caps (input variable, cap versus helmet) which could lead to the incorrect conclusion that wearing the Brodie helmet increases your risk of head injury. What really happened was that soldiers who would have otherwise been killed outright due to lack of a helmet survived to receive medical treatment. We must therefore always be careful when we interpret these charts.
» Control Chart
1. Control charts are visual controls that make the status of a process obvious without the need to read and interpret tables of numbers.
» Process Flow Chart
1. Process flow charts document a process visually and support the process orientation of ISO 9001 and similar standards.
2.Process flow charts also support structure analysis in failure mode effects analysis (FMEA) and also value stream analysis.
Who Will Benefit
» All quality practitioners and operations managers
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